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1. Basic Oracle Architecture
1) Oracle Instance
; SGA(System Global Area) + Backgroud Process(DBWR,LGWR,SMON,PMON,CKPT)
2) Memory Structures
- Data buffer cache : data file ·Î ºÎÅÍ ÀоîÁø ³»¿ëÀ» ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â memory °ø°£.
- Log buffer : redo log file¿¡ ±â·ÏµÇ±â ÀüÀÇ data ÀúÀå °ø°£.
- Large pool : UGA ´ë¿ëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ë, RMAN »ç¿ë½Ã I/O buffer·Î »ç¿ë.
- Shared pool : ÇöÀç±îÁö »ç¿ëµÈ SQL ¹®ÀåÀ» ´Ù¸¥ userµµ »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô shared ÇÑ´Ù.
3) Backgroud Processes
- Database wirter(DBWR) : data buffer cache·Î ºÎÅÍ data file¿¡ dirty buffer¸¦ ±â·ÏÇÑ´Ù.
- Log writer(LGWR) : log buffer·Î ºÎÅÍ redo log file¿¡ data¸¦ ±â·ÏÇÑ´Ù.
- System monitor(SMON) : instance recovery¸¦ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù.
- Process monitor(PMON) : ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î Á¾·áµÈ user process¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ý¼ºµÈ server process¸¦
cleanÇÑ´Ù.
- Checkpoint(CKPT) : ÇöÀç redo log¿Í checkpoint ¹øÈ£·Î data file°ú control fileÀÇ
header¸¦ µ¿±âÈÇÑ´Ù.
- Archiver(ARCH) : redo log ¸¦ backup ÇÑ´Ù.
4) User Process
; SQL*Plus, svrmgr, forms, reports, Enterprise Manager µîÀ» ½ÇÇà ½ÃÄ×À»¶§ »ý¼ºµÈ´Ù.
5) Server Process
; User process°¡ ´øÁø ÁúÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´äÀ» ÇØÁØ´Ù.
6) Oracle Database
- Data files : data ¹°¸®Àû ÀúÀå °ø°£. binary file
- Redo logs : recovery¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀúÀå°ø°£. binary file
- Control files : databaseÀÇ ¹°¸®Àû ±¸Á¶ ÀúÀå °ø°£. binary file
- Parameter file : instance config¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â file. text file
- Password file : user°¡ database¸¦ start, stop, recover ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Â °ø°£.
binary file
- Archive logs : redo log file ÀÇ backup file. binary file
7) Dynamic Views
- V$SGA : shared pool, log buffer, data buffer cache ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ instance size Á¤º¸
- V$INSTANCE : instance mode, instance name, startup time, host name µîÀÇ instance ¿¡
´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸
- V$PROCESS : instance¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ý¼ºµÈ background ¿Í server process Á¤º¸
- V$DATABASE : database ¿¡´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸.(database name, database identifier, creation date,
control file creation date ¿Í time, last database checkpoint...)
- V$DATAFILE : data file ÀÇ location °ú name ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸.
2. ARCH process
; log°¡ switch µÇ¾úÀ»¶§ log¸¦ ´Ù¸¥°÷¿¡ copyÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.
- ARCH process¿Í ARCHIVE_LOG_MODE°¡ Á¶È¸¦ À̷궧 ÀûÀýÇÑ »ç¿ë¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
- LOG_ARCHIVER_DEST parameter : copyÇÒ¶§ µð·ºÅ丮 À§Ä¡ ÁöÁ¤.
3. CKPT process
; ÇöÀç redo log¿Í checkpoint ¹øÈ£·Î data file°ú control fileÀÇ header¸¦ µ¿±âÈÇÑ´Ù.
* Checkpoint´Â ¾ðÁ¦ ¹ß»ýÇϳª?
- log switch ½Ã
- shutdown abort¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ shutdown ½Ã
- ALTER SYSTEM CHECKPOINT command¸¦ DBA°¡ ³¯·ÈÀ» ¶§
- backup ÀÌ ½ÇÇàµÉ ¶§
- LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT parameter¿¡¼ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ °ªÀÌ ¼öÇàµÉ ¶§.
- LOG_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL parameter¿¡¼ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ °ªÀÌ ¼öÇàµÉ ¶§.
4. Data files
; system°ú user data¸¦ ÀúÀåÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â file.
commit µÈ data¸¦ °®°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, uncommitµÈ data µµ °®°í ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
* uncommit µÈ Á¤º¸¸¦ ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â ¿¹
update data¸¦ commit ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Àå½Ã°£ wait»óÅ¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é, ´Ù¸¥ userµéÀÌ °è¼Ó update¸¦
ÇÏ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ buffer°¡ ¹Ð·Á¼ °á±¹¿¡´Â data file¿¡ ¾²°ÔµÈ´Ù.
(À̶§, lock Á¤º¸¸¦ °®°í ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.)
5. Configuring Tablespaces
; tablespace´Â 2°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ data fileÀ» °®´Â´Ù.
- SYSTEM : system °ú user data°¡ °°Àº tablespace¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é backup°ú recoveryÇϱⰡ ´õ
º¹ÀâÇØÁø´Ù.
- TEMPORARY : sortÁ¤º¸¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. º¹±¸½Ã recoveryÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù, createÇÏ´Â°Ô ´õ ÁÁ´Ù.
- ROLLBACK SEGMENTS
- READ ONLY DATA : backuup ½Ã°£À» ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
- HIGHLY VOLATILE DATA : recover ½Ã°£À» ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
- INDEX DATA : recoveryÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù, createÇÏ´Â°Ô ´õ ÁÁ´Ù.
6. Multiplexed Redo Log Files
; log file À» µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¿©·¯°³¿¡ ±â·ÏÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ file Çϳª°¡ ±úÁ®µµ Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÛµ¿µÈ´Ù.
* Dynamic Views
- V$LOG : group no, log sequence no, group size, mirror°¹¼ö, status(CURRENT or INACTIVE),
ckpt change no..
- V$LOGFILE : name, status(STALE or INVALID), log file member
- V$LOG_HISTORY : control fileÀÇ log history Á¤º¸
7. Control file ¼Ó¼º
- ¸ðµç database file °ú log fileÀº id¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
- database nameÀ» ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.
- checkpoint ¿Í log sequence Á¤º¸¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Ù.
- 2°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ control fileÀº °¢°¢ ´Ù¸¥ disk¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â°Ô ÁÁ´Ù.
- databaseÀÇ Timestamp¸¦ ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.
- Recovery Manager(RMAN) »ç¿ë½Ã backup Á¤º¸¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Ù.
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